In this the second article of this series we will look at the importance of having a structured framework that defines and relates the various performance measures across individual, team and collective levels. An ontology serves this purpose by providing a formal representation of knowledge within a domain, facilitating a shared understanding and enabling more effective communication and analysis (Guarino, Oberle, & Staab, 2009). By developing an ontology of performance measures organizations can standardise metrics, align objectives and improve decision-making processes. This article looks at the creation of an ontology for performance measures, presenting classifications and exploring the relationships between different metrics. By leveraging an ontological approach organizations can better understand how individual contributions impact team performance and, subsequently, collective outcomes. Understanding Ontologies Definition of Ontology An ontology is a formal, explici...